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Microbiological Research Jan 2021Rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and productivity has been negatively affected due to high soil salinity. However, some salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria...
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and productivity has been negatively affected due to high soil salinity. However, some salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (ST-PGPB) enhance crop growth and reduce the negative impacts of salt stress through regulation of some biochemical, physiological, and molecular features. Total thirty six ST-PGPB were isolated from sodic soil of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, and screened for salt tolerance at different salt (NaCl) concentrations up to 2000 millimolar (mM). Out of thirty-six, thirteen strains indicated better growth and plant growth properties (PGPs) in NaCl amended medium. Among thirteen, one most effective Bacillus pumilus strain JPVS11 was molecularly characterized, which showed potential PGPs, such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA),1-aminocyclo propane-1-carboxylicacid (ACC) deaminase activity, P-solubilization, proline accumulation and exopolysaccharides (EPS) production at different concentrations of NaCl (0 -1200 mM). Pot experiment was conducted on rice (Variety CSR46) at different NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mM) with and without inoculation of Bacillus pumilus strain JPVS11. At elevated concentrations of NaCl, the adverse effects on chlorophyll content, carotenoids, antioxidant activity was recorded in non-inoculated (only NaCl) plants. However, inoculation of Bacillus pumilus strain JPVS11 showed positive adaption and improve growth performance of rice as compared to non-inoculated in similar conditions. A significant (P < 0.05) enhancement plant height (12.90-26.48%), root length (9.55-23.09%), chlorophyll content (10.13-27.24%), carotenoids (8.38-25.44%), plant fresh weight (12.33-25.59%), and dry weight (8.66-30.89%) were recorded from 50 to 300 mM NaCl concentration in inoculated plants as compared to non-inoculated. Moreover, the plants inoculated with Bacillus pumilus strain JPVS11showed improvement in antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase (15.14-32.91%) and superoxide dismutase (8.68-26.61%). Besides, the significant improvement in soil enzyme activities, such as alkaline phosphatase (18.37-53.51%), acid phosphatase (28.42-45.99%), urease (14.77-47.84%), and β-glucosidase (25.21-56.12%) were recorded in inoculated pots as compared to non-inoculated. These results suggest that Bacillus pumilus strain JPVS11 is a potential ST-PGPB for promoting plant growth attributes, soil enzyme activities, microbial counts, and mitigating the deleterious effects of salinity in rice.
Topics: Antioxidants; Bacillus pumilus; Bacteria; Chlorophyll; Hydrogen Cyanide; Indoleacetic Acids; Nitrogen Fixation; Oryza; Phosphates; Plant Development; Proline; Salinity; Salt Stress; Salt Tolerance; Salt-Tolerant Plants; Seeds; Siderophores; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 33115624
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126616 -
Microbes and Environments 2022Spores are a stress-resistant form of Bacillus spp., which include species that are plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Previous studies showed that the...
Spores are a stress-resistant form of Bacillus spp., which include species that are plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Previous studies showed that the inoculation of plants with vegetative cells or spores exerted different plant growth-promoting effects. To elucidate the spore-specific mechanism, we compared the effects of viable vegetative cells, autoclaved dead spores, and viable spores of Bacillus pumilus TUAT1 inoculated at 10 CFU plant on the growth of the C4 model plant, Setaria viridis A10.1. B. pumilus TUAT1 spores exerted stronger growth-promoting effects on Setaria than on control plants 14 days after the inoculation. Viable spores increased shoot weight, root weight, shoot length, root length, and nitrogen uptake efficiency 21 days after the inoculation. These increases involved primary and crown root formation. Additionally, autoclaved dead spores inoculated at 10 or 10 CFU plant had a positive impact on crown root differentiation, which increased total lateral root length, resulting in a greater biomass and more efficient nitrogen uptake. The present results indicate that an inoculation with viable spores of B. pumilus TUAT1 is more effective at enhancing the growth of Setaria than that with vegetative cells. The plant response to dead spores suggests that the spore-specific plant growth-promoting mechanism is at least partly independent of symbiotic colonization.
Topics: Bacillus; Bacillus pumilus; Plant Development; Plant Roots; Setaria Plant; Spores, Bacterial
PubMed: 35082177
DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.ME21060 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023The effects of inoculating plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and soil water deficits on crop growth and physiology remain largely unknown. Here, the responses...
The effects of inoculating plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and soil water deficits on crop growth and physiology remain largely unknown. Here, the responses of leaf gas exchange, growth, and water use efficiency (WUE) of tomato plants to () inoculation under four irrigation strategies (I1-I4) were investigated in a greenhouse. Results showed that soil water deficits, especially at I4 (20%, /), significantly decreased leaf stomatal conductance (g), transpiration rate (T), and photosynthetic rate (A), and the decrease of g and T were more pronounced than A. Reduced irrigation regimes significantly lowered dry matter and plant water use both in the non- control and the plants, while reduced irrigation significantly increased plant WUE, and inoculation had little effect on this parameter. Synergistic effects of PGPR and deficit irrigation on leaf gas exchange, leaf abscisic acid content, and stomatal density were found in this study, and specifically, treated plants at I4 possessed the highest WUE at stomatal and leaf scales, suggesting that inoculation could optimize water use and partly alleviate the negative effects of soil water deficit. These findings provide useful information for effective irrigation management and the application of PGPR in agriculture in the future.
PubMed: 36771756
DOI: 10.3390/plants12030670 -
The Plant Pathology Journal Jun 2021Bacillus pumilus is the causal agent of trunk bulges disease affecting rubber and rubberwood quality and yield production. In this study, B. pumilus and other closely...
Current Classification of the Bacillus pumilus Group Species, the Rubber-Pathogenic Bacteria Causing Trunk Bulges Disease in Malaysia as Assessed by MLSA and Multi rep-PCR Approaches.
Bacillus pumilus is the causal agent of trunk bulges disease affecting rubber and rubberwood quality and yield production. In this study, B. pumilus and other closely related species were included in B. pumilus group, as they shared over 99.5% similarity from 16S rRNA analysis. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes and repetitive elements-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) using REP, ERIC, and BOX primers conducted to analyze the diversity and systematic relationships of 20 isolates of B. pumilus group from four rubber tree plantations in Peninsular Malaysia (Serdang, Tanah Merah, Baling, and Rawang). Multi rep-PCR results revealed the genetic profiling among the B. pumilus group isolates, while MLSA results showed 98-100% similarity across the 20 isolates of B. pumilus group species. These 20 isolates, formerly established as B. pumilus, were found not to be grouped with B. pumilus. However, being distributed within distinctive groups of the B. pumilus group comprising of two clusters, A and B. Cluster A contained of 17 isolates close to B. altitudinis, whereas Cluster B consisted of three isolates attributed to B. safensis. This is the first MLSA and rep-PCR study on B. pumilus group, which provides an in-depth understanding of the diversity of these rubber-pathogenic isolates in Malaysia.
PubMed: 34111914
DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.02.2021.0017 -
Microorganisms Dec 2021Ginger rhizome rot disease, caused by the pathogen GR8, could result in severe rot of ginger rhizomes and heavily threaten ginger production. In this study, we...
Ginger rhizome rot disease, caused by the pathogen GR8, could result in severe rot of ginger rhizomes and heavily threaten ginger production. In this study, we identified and characterized a new strain, designated ATR2. Genome analysis revealed ATR2 harbored a series of genes closely related to promoting plant growth and triggering plant immunity. Meanwhile, ten gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites (surfactin, bacillomycin, fengycin, bacillibactin, bacilysin, difficidin, macrolactin, bacillaene, plantazolicin, and amylocyclicin) and two clusters encoding a putative lipopeptide and a putative phosphonate which might be explored as novel bioactive compounds were also present in the ATR2 genome. Moreover, ATR2 showed excellent antagonistic activities against multiple plant pathogenic bacteria, plant pathogenic fungi, human pathogenic bacteria, and human pathogenic fungus. ATR2 was also efficacious in control of aphids. The antagonistic compound from ATR2 against GR8 was purified and identified as bacillomycin D. In addition, ATR2 exhibited excellent biocontrol efficacy against ginger rhizome rot disease on ginger slices. These findings showed the potential of further applications of ATR2 as a biocontrol agent in agricultural diseases and pests management.
PubMed: 35056513
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010063 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jul 2022Understanding the biochemistry and metabolic pathways of cyanide degradation is necessary to improve the efficacy of cyanide bioremediation processes and industrial...
Understanding the biochemistry and metabolic pathways of cyanide degradation is necessary to improve the efficacy of cyanide bioremediation processes and industrial requirements. We have isolated and sequenced the genome of a cyanide-degrading strain from water in contact with mine tailings from Lima, Peru. This strain was classified as Bacillus safensis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and core genome analyses and named B. safensis PER-URP-08. We searched for possible cyanide-degradation enzymes in the genome of this strain and identified a putative cyanide dihydratase (CynD) gene similar to a previously characterized CynD from Bacillus pumilus C1. Sequence analysis of CynD from and allow us to identify C-terminal residues that differentiate both CynDs. We then cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified recombinant CynD from PER-URP-08 (CynD) and showed that in contrast to CynD from C1, this recombinant CynD remains active at up to pH 9. We also showed that oligomerization of CynD decreases as a function of increased pH. Finally, we demonstrated that transcripts of CynD in PER-URP-08 are strongly induced in the presence of cyanide. Our results suggest that the use of PER-URP-08 and CynD as potential tool for cyanide bioremediation warrants further investigation. Despite being of environmental concern around the world due to its toxicity, cyanide continues to be used in many important industrial processes. Thus, searching for cyanide bioremediation methods is a matter of societal concern and must be present on the political agenda of all governments. Here, we report the isolation, genome sequencing and characterization of cyanide degradation capacity of a bacterial strain isolated from an industrial mining site in Peru. We characterize a cyanide dehydratase (CynD) homolog from one of these bacteria, Bacillus safensis PER-URP-08.
Topics: Bacillus; Bacteria; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cyanides; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Genomics; Hydrolases; Peru; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35762789
DOI: 10.1128/aem.00916-22 -
3 Biotech Jun 2017A study was executed in a direction to attenuate Sclerotinia stalk rot (SSR) disease through biocontrol agent and also to enhance crop productivity. Culture filtrate of...
A study was executed in a direction to attenuate Sclerotinia stalk rot (SSR) disease through biocontrol agent and also to enhance crop productivity. Culture filtrate of bacterial strain YSPMK11 inhibited growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro which also exhibited higher plant growth promoting attributes. Interaction studies revealed maximum (81.50%) growth inhibition at 35 °C and pH 7.0 after 72 h incubation period with 15% culture filtrate. Based upon 16S rRNA gene sequence strain, YSPMK11 was identified as Bacillus pumilus. Furthermore, the genome of this isolate was searched for antimicrobial lipopeptide, i.e., ItuD and SrfC genes. The PCR amplification results showed the presence of both these lipopeptide genes in isolate YSPMK11. Iturin A as antifungal compound was identified as major components of fraction through GC/MS. In field experiments, the application of strain YSPMK11 cell suspension (10 CFU/ml) suppressed disease severity by 93% and increased curd yield by 36% which was more that of commercially used fungicide in farmer practices under mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh. Conclusively, our study is first to demonstrate the effect of B. pumilus strain YSPMK11 in suppression of SSR under field conditions and would be employed as an efficient biocontrol agent to replace commercial fungicides in cauliflower cropping system. In addition, the presence of both lipopeptide genes (ItuD and SrfC) and iturin A in this isolate makes him potent strain for biological control application in agriculture.
PubMed: 28550408
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0732-7 -
BioMed Research International 2019Cholesterol is a waxy substance present in all types of the body cells. The presence of higher concentration of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is characterized by...
Cholesterol is a waxy substance present in all types of the body cells. The presence of higher concentration of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is characterized by abnormal cholesterol level and is associated with cardiovascular diseases which lead to the development of atheroma in arteries known as atherosclerosis. The transformation of cholesterol by bacterial cholesterol oxidase can provide a key solution for the treatment of diseases related to cholesterol and its oxidized derivatives. Previously isolated bacteria from oil-contaminated soil were screened for cholesterol degradation. Among fourteen, five isolates were able to utilize cholesterol. Two strains W1 and W8 using cholesterol as only carbon and energy source were selected for degradation studies. Several parameters (incubation time, substrate concentration, pH, temperature, and different metal ions) for cholesterol decomposition by the selected bacterial strains were evaluated. Maximum cholesterol reduction was achieved on the 5 day of incubation, 1g/L of substrate concentration, pH 7, in the presence of Mg and Ca ions, and at 35°C. Cholesterol degradation was analyzed by enzymatic colorimetric method, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Under optimized conditions 50% and 84% cholesterol reduction were recorded with W1 and W8, respectively. Cholesterol oxidase activity was assayed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results revealed that W1 and W8 have great potential for cholesterol degradation and would be regarded as a source for cholesterol oxidase (CHO).
Topics: Bacillus pumilus; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Cholesterol Oxidase; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Lipoproteins, LDL; Serratia marcescens; Transformation, Bacterial
PubMed: 31183360
DOI: 10.1155/2019/1359528 -
Journal of Microbiology and... May 2013Lipase-producing bacterial strains were isolated from Antarctic soil samples using the tricaprylin agar plate method. Seven strains with relatively strong lipase...
Lipase-producing bacterial strains were isolated from Antarctic soil samples using the tricaprylin agar plate method. Seven strains with relatively strong lipase activities were selected. All of them turned out to be Bacillus pumilus strains by the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Their corresponding lipase genes were cloned, sequenced, and compared. Finally, three different Bacillus pumilus lipases (BPL1, BPL2, and BPL3) were chosen. Their amino acid sequence identities were in the range of 92-98% with the previous Bacillus pumilus lipases. Their optimum temperatures and pHs were measured to be 40 degrees C and pH 9. Lipase BPL1 and lipase BPL2 were stable up to 30 degrees C, whereas lipase BPL3 was stable up to 20 degrees C. Lipase BPL2 was stable within a pH range of 6-10, whereas lipase BPL1 and lipase BPL3 were stable within a pH range of 5-11, showing strong alkaline tolerance. All these lipases exhibited high hydrolytic activity toward pnitrophenyl caprylate (C8). In addition, lipase BPL1 showed high hydrolytic activity toward tributyrin, whereas lipase BPL2 and lipase BPL3 hydrolyzed tricaprylin and castor oil preferentially. These results demonstrated that the three Antarctic Bacillus lipases were alkaliphilic and had a substrate preference toward short- and mediumchain triglycerides. These Antarctic Bacillus lipases might be used in detergent and food industries.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Antarctic Regions; Bacillus; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Enzyme Stability; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lipase; Phylogeny; Soil Microbiology; Substrate Specificity; Temperature
PubMed: 23648856
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1212.12040 -
Microbiological Research Dec 2017Chitinase and surfactin-mediated biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum causing wilt and root rot of Fagopyrum esculentum respectively has been studied...
Chitinase and surfactin-mediated biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum causing wilt and root rot of Fagopyrum esculentum respectively has been studied in this communication. Bacillus pumilus MSUA3 as a potential bacterial strain strongly inhibited the growth of R. solani and F. oxysporum involving the chitinolytic enzymes and an antibiotic surfactin. Plant growth promoting attributes seem to be involved in plant growth promotion and yield attributes. The action of cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) was found deleterious to F. oxysporum and R. solani even in the heat-treated (boiled/autoclaved) CFCS. The possible involvement of surfactin in disease control was revealed by colony PCR amplification of SrfA. Chitinolytic enzyme and antibiotic surfactin evidenced differential biocontrol of F. oxysporum and R. solani by B. pumilus MSUA3. A significant reduction in disease index under gnotobiotic conditions and productivity enhancement of F. esculentum using vermiculite-based bioformulation revealed B. pumilus MSUA3 as a successful potential biocontrol agent (BCA) and an efficient plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) for disease management and productivity enhancement of buckwheat crop.
Topics: Antibiosis; Antifungal Agents; Bacillus pumilus; Bacterial Proteins; Biological Control Agents; Chitinases; Fagopyrum; Fusarium; Mycoses; Peptide Synthases; Phylogeny; Plant Development; Plant Diseases; Plant Roots; Rhizoctonia; Soil Microbiology; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 28942843
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.08.012